Eulogy for Friend :: Eulogies Eulogy

Eulogy for FriendYesterday, as Martins friends poured into town, I was struck by how legion(predicate) distinct sets of friends he had. Family, skaters, punks, his Swampland posse, his boys and his girls, Professors, colleagues, Ann Arbor friends, Chicago friends, cyberspace friends whod never met him in the flesh... Trying to walk down the street with him was an physical exertion in frustration, as Martins fans flocked to him like the Pied Piper. He was so much, to so many. One of his greatest gifts to us is each other. I remember the first cartridge clip I saw Marty 12 years ago. You couldnt miss him, of course. It was Computer Science 101, a lecture hall with hundreds of students. He would skate into class 20 proceedings late, gear his skateboard up onto his desk, crack open a chocolate milk and begin to drink... 200 eyes on him. Martin would turn around and urinate us a little wave. The thing was, and it * diely* pissed off the Professors, he routinely scored the highest ma rks in the class on every assignment. today I said to myself, I need to know this guy... So I cornered him and announced, You and I are going to be friends... Martin looked me up and down and said, Uh....No thanks... And so it began. Martin, in those long time especially, had an approach to people that was at best challenging, & at worst confrontational. Those who didnt get Martin brushed him off as a clown, only when to those who watched, and listened, it was clear there was something extremely profound going on. Martin had an uncanny ability to see into people, to look through you, to reflect your own insecurities and hangups back at you, until you had no preference left but to drop them... and dance with him. Martin called your bluff every time... Despite his best efforts to the contrary, eventually we did become friends. I simply refused to let him go, or to let him push me away... I knew in my core that if being Martins friend required change, well then Id change. He was wo rth it... Martin was a hacker in the honest MIT tradition. As a teenager, and Marty didnt often brag about this, he reengineered some communication software into what became the de facto standard for software pirates around the world. In those days he was known by his handle, the Redheaded Freak.Eulogy for Friend Eulogies EulogyEulogy for FriendYesterday, as Martins friends poured into town, I was struck by how many distinct sets of friends he had. Family, skaters, punks, his Swampland posse, his boys and his girls, Professors, colleagues, Ann Arbor friends, Chicago friends, cyberspace friends whod never met him in the flesh... Trying to walk down the street with him was an exercise in frustration, as Martins fans flocked to him like the Pied Piper. He was so much, to so many. One of his greatest gifts to us is each other. I remember the first time I saw Marty 12 years ago. You couldnt miss him, of course. It was Computer Science 101, a lecture hall with hundreds of students. He would skate into class 20 minutes late, flip his skateboard up onto his desk, crack open a chocolate milk and begin to drink... 200 eyes on him. Martin would turn around and give us a little wave. The thing was, and it *clearly* pissed off the Professors, he routinely scored the highest marks in the class on every assignment. Immediately I said to myself, I need to know this guy... So I cornered him and announced, You and I are going to be friends... Martin looked me up and down and said, Uh....No thanks... And so it began. Martin, in those days especially, had an approach to people that was at best challenging, & at worst confrontational. Those who didnt get Martin brushed him off as a clown, but to those who watched, and listened, it was clear there was something extremely profound going on. Martin had an uncanny ability to see into people, to look through you, to reflect your own insecurities and hangups back at you, until you had no choice left but to drop them... and dance wit h him. Martin called your bluff every time... Despite his best efforts to the contrary, eventually we did become friends. I simply refused to let him go, or to let him push me away... I knew in my core that if being Martins friend required change, well then Id change. He was worth it... Martin was a hacker in the true MIT tradition. As a teenager, and Marty didnt often brag about this, he reengineered some communication software into what became the de facto standard for software pirates around the world. In those days he was known by his handle, the Redheaded Freak.

A Review Paper of Internet Banking Services -- internet banking, bankin

Today, Information Technology revolutionized our life almost in every filed. One of among several blessing of information technology is Internet Banking services that brings restraint and comfort for our banking activities. Over few years Internet Banking has evolved as convenient, self-serviced technology, cost-reducing and time saving channel. Internet banking is available 24x7 across geographies. In last few years, the sum up of internet banking users has been increasing rapidly. In present hyper competitive environment internet banking works as a competitive differentiator among banks. Internet banking has become an valuable revenue builder for banks.Increased competition in the banking sector and customer demand is forcing banks to provide their services online (Southard, P. & Siau, K, 2004). Banks try to gain competitive advantages in technological atmosphere by adopting new technological developments in their area as soon as possible (Ozcan, 2007 Chang 2002). Information te chnology developments in the banking sector pass water speed up communication and transactions for clients. It is vital to extend this banking feature to clients for maximizing the advantages for both clients and service providers (Safeena, Abdullah and Hema, 2010, 2011 Qureshi et al, 2008).In the past, internet banking has been adopted by banks generally to decrease costs and increases revenue by reducing staff and branch networks. Today, banks are visualizing the internet banking as a strategic enabler of customer services and others spate internet banking as the key to expansion. Internet banking has gained acceptance throughout the world as a new delivery channel for performing various banking and monetary activities.Internet Banking is an internet portal,... ...ility of technology and infrastructure to support the new model of banking. Second, the need for Internet banking itself Internet Banking or an efficient system of instantaneous banking or convenient banking. Third , an adequate mechanism to tackle the security risk and operational risk aspects (Sharma, 2001). Fourth, a proper legal framework to take care of the rights and province of the consumers. While most of these issues have been somewhat addressed, an important issue still remains - what existing and potential consumers feel about Internet banking and on the posterior of this how an appropriate banking model can be developed in Indian context. (Sharma B.R., 2001 Gupta P.K., 2008). Perceived Factors behind the Growth in Internet BankingCompetitionCost Efficiencies geographical ReachBrandingRelationship buildingCustomers Demographics

Deforestation and Biodiversity Essay -- Exploratory Essays Research Pa

Deforestation, defined by biologist Charles Southwick as the destruction of forests may involve clear-cutting or selective logging (p. 365), is a predominantly human-driven process that is dramatically altering ecosystems worldwide. Clear-cutting involves the indiscriminant removal of every single plant and tree species from within a selected area. The other(a) major process of deforestation, selective logging, focuses removal endeavours on only specific, predetermined tree species within a chosen area. The statistics gathered about human deforestation over time are considerable, and they can be about controversial. Depending on the source and the location selected, the magnitude of deforestation varies. Southwick estimates that, approximately 10,000 years ago, 6.2 billion hectares (23.9 million square miles) of forest existed on earth (p. 117). That figure is equivalent to 45.5% of the earths total land. He further estimates that, by 1990, this amount had declined 30%, with only 4.3 billion hectares of forest remaining (p. 117). Southwick excessively acknowledges other estimates that place the total amount of deforestation between 50% and 75% (p. 117). NASA has similar deforestation statistics that confirm these trends. According to their website, 16.5% of the Brazilian Amazon forests have been destroyed. They also note similar magnitudes of deforestation in Southeast Asia (Cambodia, Indonesia, Laos, Malaysia, Myanmar, Thailand, and Vietnam), despite the significantly smaller total area of forest within these countries. These grim figures are somewhat tempered by the NASA finding that, over the past ten years, the deforestation rate has declined from 6,200 square miles per year to 4,800 square miles per year. Though this trend is n... ...later time. Though it is simply impossible to know what the ultimate effects will be on our long term survival as a species, it is important to bear in mind that, once a species has been eliminated through extinction, i t cannot be brought back. So, for the overall health of our rainforests, their biodiversity, and the limitless potential contained therein, it is crucial for us, as humans, to make as honest an effort as possible at their preservation. ReferencesSouthwick, Charles H. Global Ecology in Human Perspective. Oxford University Press New York, 1996.Vandermeer, J. & Perfecto, I. Breakfast of Biodiversity. The Institute for Food and Development Policy Oakland, CA, 1995.WebsitesNASAhttp//earthobservatory.nasa.gov/ library/Deforestation/deforestation_3.html National Institute of Healthhttp//ehp.niehs.nih.gov/docs/1997/105-11/focus-abs.html

Case Study: Impact on Children of Substance Abuse, Domestic Violence, a

Studies have shown that children who grow up in families where there is substance misuse, moral illness or internal violence are more vulnerable to significant harm (Kendall-Taylor and Mikulak 2009).Childrens vulnerability usually stems from the effects of substance misuse, domestic violence or mental illness on parenting ability. Substance misuse, domestic violence and mental illness can result in parents finding it difficult to lead their lives to meet both their personal needs and their childrens physical, emotional and social needs. Parents may also find it difficult to control their reactions and adverse mood fluctuations, thus, some children are often happen uponed and some even for a life time .Naturally this can terrify children and leave them feeling fretful, uncertain and over cautious. exposure such as the effects of maternal drug or alcohol misuse or direct physical attacks on the abdominal region of a pregnant woman, may even extend to the unborn child. Substance M isuseThe term misuse has different contextual applications. When applied to substances such drugs (whether prescribed or illicit) or alcohol, it simply means that the usage of the substance in question is too much (excessive) and may cause harm to the concerned individual either by directly affecting daily endeavors, or by gradually destroying a normal life. Usage of legal drugs such as nicotine, caffeine, or alcohol without much thought is often common with many people (National Alliance on Mental Illness USA 2011). It may cause difficulties in relationships or affect performance at home and at work. According to findings, persistent use of one or more of these substances often leads to some level of tolerance in the affected individual. Thi... ... to make them feel important and wanted which would in turn serve to make them ore open and cooperative.BibliographyEastwood, Paul. Statistics on Drug Misuse England. pdf, England UK NHS Information Centre, 2011.Kendall-Taylor, Nat, and Anna Mikulak. FrameWorks Institute. Feb 2009. Retrived on 15 Aug, 2011 from http//www.frameworksinstitute.org/assets/files/PDF_childmentalhealth/childmentalhealthreview.pdf Mental Health Foundation . 2011. Retrieved on 15 Aug, 2011 fromhttp//www.mentalhealth.org.uk/ National Alliance on Mental Illness USA. Mental Illness. 2011. Retrieved on 15 Aug, 2011 from http//www.rethink.org/about_mental_illness/dual_diagnosis/what_is_substance_mi.html WHO. steering of substance abuse . 2011. Retrieved on 15 Aug, 2011 fromhttp//www.who.int/substance_abuse/publications/alcohol/en/ (accessed Aug 08, 2011).

Mercy Killing Essay -- essays research papers

The applied moral issue of mercy killing, or mercy killing, concerns whether it is mor ally welcome for a third party, such as a physician, to end the life of a terminally ill forbearing who is in intense pain. I testament go further into the facts of this in my paper.The euthanasia controversy is part of a larger issue concerning the refine to die.Staunch defenders of personal liberty argue that all of us are morally entitled to end ourlives when we see fit. Thus, according to these people, suicide is in principle morallypermissible. For health care workers, the issue of the right to die is most prominent when a patient in their care is terminally ill, is in intense pain, and voluntarily choosesto end their life to escape extended suffering. In these cases, there are several theoreticaloptions open to the health care worker. First, the worker can ignore the patients requestand care can push as usual. Second, the worker can dis hide providinglife-sustaining treatment to the patient, and thus allow him to die more quickly. Thisoption is called passive euthanasia since it brings on expiration through nonintervention. Third, the health care worker can provide the patient with the means of taking his own life, such as a lethal sexually transmitted disease of a drug. This practice is called assisted suicide, since it is the patient, and not technically the health care worker, who administers the drug. Finally, the health care worker can take active measures to end the patients life, such as by directly administering a lethal dose of a drug. This practice is called active euthanasia since the health care workers action is the direct attain of the patients death. Active euthanasia is the most controversial of the four options and is currently illegal in the United States. However, several right to die organizations are lobbying for the laws against active euthanasia to change. Two additional concepts are relevant to the discussion of euthanasia. First,volu ntary euthanasia refers to mercy killing that takes place with the explicit and voluntary consent of the patient, either verbally or in a written document such as a living will. Second, nonvoluntary euthanasia refers to the mercy killing of a patient who is unconscious(p), or otherwise unable to explicitly make their intentions known. Inthese cases it is often family members who make the request. This would be done against the wi... ...ss, and not enough on other integral goods, such as justice and rights. Accordingly, Rachels offers a revised utilitarian version active euthanasia is permissible since it promotes the best interests of everyone (such as Jack, Jacks wife, and the hospital staff). Rachels also argues that the fortunate rule supports active euthanasia insofar as we would want others to put us out of our misery if we were in a situation like Jacks. The insipid imperative supports active euthanasia since no one would willfully universalize a rule which condemns people to unbearable pain before death. Rachels closes noting an irony the princely rule supports active euthanasia, yet the Catholic church has traditionally opposed it.My thoughts towards Euthanasia is simply I believe that for people that are in capacious amount of pain or are suffering unbearably and dont have any chance of recovery, can make the choice to continue living or to die. I know if I were in that situation I would like to know I have the choice. In situations were the patient is unconscious or unable to make the decision I think that the family should be able to make the choice for the patient.

My Life Essay

Good morning to the honourable judges, wise fourth dimension-keepers and contestants. First of alone, I need you to relax, and reflect on what you have done the agone months. Did any of your cropivity involve a haphazard act of kindness? Like rescuing an injured cat, helping the homeless or even helping a stranger with his/her work. Yes, Im going to talk on random act of kindness. We are living at a period of time in which where perpetually we look, people are almodal values rushing in the hustle and bustle of city life to complete their daily chores. For some it maybe get to work on time, preparing breakfast for the whole family or completing their homework.Inspite of all this hustle, we should spend a few seconds to observe around us, we could make a engagement in a persons life. Ladies and gentleman, observe around you, have you ever noticed the homeless children or animals around you? I agree time is gold but cant you spare some time and approach them with a broad grin o n your face. A simple smile is a universal language of friendliness and kindness. You can offer to buy them a drink, or provide shelter for them. correspond to Scott Adams, an Amerian cartoonist, theres no such thing as a small act of kindness. E very act creates a ripple with no logical end.As I was search through the Internet, I read upon a few stories and there is one in particular which I would like to share with you . A man named Jay and his wife were in Mexico on a holiday.As they walked into a McDonalds restaurant, they saw a woman begging at the door and she had with her a young boy who was active 3 years old and ab proscribed 2 feet tall, very fine built with short black hair. His face looked dirty, not so much in an unkempt way, but more like a young boy who had been odd to his own devices and his smile shone like none other they have ever seen.The more they watched him the more they were drawn to him. He was playing with a stick at the front step, and as people left McDonalds, he would flash a mischievous smile and hold his hand out for a Peso. You could tell he did not care if he got one or not, he was unsloped trying to help his mum out who was doing the real begging.They became enraptured watching him.They wanted to give him a gift. lt was then that it occurred to them that McDonalds al shipway has toys for kids So they went and got him a McHappy meal. They hand to him the bag of food and the toys which he did not imagine he would ever have. He was so thrilled. He grabbed the bag and ran across the step to his mother, Mama, Mama, Mama.As they left McDonalds, tucked into the corner of the step with his mother beside him, was the beaming little boy with a pop between his legs, fries hanging out of his mouth and his brisk plastic treasure clamped in his left hand. With his right hand he waved furiously at them and then in perfect English said, Thank you very much. This story is a clear example of how a random act of kindness can touch someo nes heart. Aesop quoted that No act of kindness no matter how small is wasted. So if you think doing a simple kind deed is goose egg, think again because for the person who gained from you random act of kindness, is indeed truly grateful.There is also the strange phenomenon where a dog helped a kitten that fell into a small drain. The kitten was all wet, shivering and giving out sounds in agony. The dog picked the kitten up with its mouth and dragged it towards the sidepath. Then, it licked the kittens body a few multiplication with its tounge to dry him and ran away. So, you see ladies and gentleman, even a dog write outs how to be kind.Recently, I witnessed an incident where 7 stray dogs were trying to cross a fully packed road. At that moment, a man driving an old sedan switched on his hazard lights and stopped in the middle of the road in a way blocking traffic going both ways. The dogs then quickly crossed the road while wagging their tails. The man then went on as though n othing had happened. I was awestruck. If everyone were like him, the world would be a better place to live in.Besides, there is a lot of things that you can do which is categorised as random act of kindness. Like, sharing your lunch with the needy, stopping for a pedestrian to cross the street or doing chores at home that you normally dont do. Think of your mums reaction when she finds out that you have done some chores. How surprised she will be This is the least we can spontaneously do for someone who we love and cherish a lot.We obviously dont know how long we would live. So why not, make a difference in someones life while we can. So from now on, when we look at someone, a beggar, a child, stray animals, lets try to do something that will truly make them happy. The smile that we receive in return of the kind deed is priceless. Trust me The moment you see the smile, you will truly know that it is worth it. In one of Kahlil Gibrans quotes, a Lebanese born American philosopher had said that Tenderness and kindness are not signs of weakness and desperation but manifestations of strength and resolution.Do you know that, the Random Acts of Kindness Foundation is an organization set up to encourage people to carry out good deeds. People all over the world are experiencing the pleasure of having kind deeds done for them and they in turn reciprocate. These are countless ways for people to show acts of kindness.So, whether you buy a drink for the road sweeper, give a bowl of water to a stray dog, provide a shelter to a cat, or even as simple as helping your teacher to carry their stuffs to the staffroom, it is all categorised as random act of kindness. According to Charlie Chaplin we think too much and feel too little. More than machinery, we need humanity. More than cleverness, we need kindness and gentleness. I truly hope that I have inspired each and every one of you to conduct a random act of kindness. Fit this into your busy daily routine and lets contribute to building a better society. Thank you.

Passing Places and Trainspotting

Passing Places and Transporting. They play I am analyzing Is Passing Places, by Stephen Greenhorn. It is a Scottish play from 1998 which Is set In Motherly. Alongside with this, I will also analyses the movie Transporting, a movie directed by Danny Bayle based on the novel Transporting by Irvine Welsh. First I will way on the mall characters In the several kit and caboodle and analyses their development throughout the play and the movie. Afterwards I will compare the play and film, and how they each force Scotland. In the Scottish play Passing Places, the main characters are the two boys Alex and Brian.Of those two characters, Alex is the one who develops most during the play. In the beginning he is aggressive, angry and tough, and has aught but hate towards his home-town Motherly ALEX Look at this place. nohing but shoe shops and burger bars. BRIAN Im starving. . It shows his feeling of disenchantment with his home-town, but also with his life. It feels Like he unavoidably to leave Motherly, In order to discover what life in reality Is. HIS life Is full of emptiness, the only relationship he has Is with Brian.Even his relationship with his mum Is poor ALEX No. Look. I Just need to go away for a while. Trust me. MUM About as far as I could throw you. end-to-end he changes in a better way. He learns to relax and discovers the better sides of Scotland. He has achieved some kind of tranquility, which perhaps is a result of his meeting with Mirror. Brian is Ales exceed friend. He is more clever than Alex, more sensible and more aware of the other side of Scotland. He has a big knowledge of Scotland and is not afeard(predicate) to bombard Alex with facts during their ride through Scotland.Just as Alex, he is also seeking something besides the walls of Motherly. He knows that there are better things, and uses the stolen surfboard as n excuse to run away from Motherly. On their trip, he meets people who are Just like him. At first Its Loan, but later Its par ticularly stark(a) the Shaper, who makes him realism that there are others like him. They sustain created a computer program, but also a whole way of life that gives Brian the satisfaction he has been searching for. Bran fatalitys to do the same thing.In the film Transporting, the main character is a young heroin addict living in Elite, called plant Rent. He has a serious drug habit, and resort to shoplifting and petty theft due to his unemployment RENT Choose your future. Choose life But why would I want to do a thing like that? I chose not to choose life. I chose something else. And the reasons? There are no reasons. Who needs reasons when youve got heroin? 3 Mark actually goes to Aberdeen university before the narrative begin, but dropped out and really hit the drugs when his disabled brother dies In hospital.As a person he Is very dreamy, disruptive, sharp, and as a viewer you never know where you are with him he never knows where he Is himself. He actually managed to get r id of his heroin addicted, moved to capital of the United Kingdom to start a new life and doing business. But with his old friends. Therefore, he ends dadaism getting involved in a drug deal and sells 4 kilos of heroin. He then escapes with the money from his friends, which Just shows that he has changed into a better person and has decided to choose life, instead of living in the fast lane.Both works describes the dark sides of Scotland in the beginning, only to end it up by giving the reader/viewer a good impression of Scotland. All three of them arent really proud of being Scottish when the narrative starts Mark Rent Its Shiite being Scottish. Were the lowest of the low The scum of the bucking earth 4 Mark expresses clearly that he isnt proud of being Scottish. If you look at Alex and Brian, their way of talking and living can be seen as a result of the town they have been brought pop to. They are, to a certain point, unconcerned about everything.It is clearly illustrated in sce ne 29 ALEX I cant. I can think it but I cant learn it. Its Just Its not part of my language, alright? 5 Alex cant say the word beautiful because during his adolescence in Motherly, he hasnt seen any signs of beauty. The director uses, especially Alex, to criticism the moderne big cities. The brings up the contrast of beauty in the landscape and ugliness in the towns. Transporting shows some of the same things, UT of course brings up the problem of the travel usage of drugs in Scotland, mainly in the larger cities.In the film and play alike, the main characters go through a positive development. They go from being troubled and disturbed in the big cities of Scotland, to better human beings when they leave their home-towns. Both the feeling of being Scottish and the Scottish society are criticized. As a reader, you get the impression that the Scottish society is filled with improper practices and an ascending drug abuse. In order to discover the beauty of Scotland or to live life, you have to move to landscapes or even another country.

Advantages and disadvantages of taking curriculum packages from the centre as mere proposals and not prescriptions in Zimbbwe Essay

in that location ar several views of curriculum that many involved throw encountered. One view is that the curriculum must be a prescription it should tell educators and all involved what to do, how to do it and in what order. A nonher view is that a curriculum is just a mere proposal there is room for modifications and other provisions. In Zimbabwe, the national curriculum comes from the plan Development Unit (CDU), which is the Centre, where medical specialist curricularists develop it. The curriculum is distributed as a package to the provinces and districts then lastly to the schools where it is to be implemented by educators.This exposition seeks to identify some of the receiptss and dis reinforcements of taking much(prenominal) packages as proposals and not as prescriptions in Zimbabwe. Stenhouse (1975) defines curriculum as an attempt to communicate the essential principles and features of an educational proposal in such a trope that it is open to critical scrutiny and capable of effective translation into practice. He suggests that a curriculum is rather like a recipe in cookery. A curriculum, like the recipe for a dish, is first imagined as a possibility, then the subject of an experiment. The recipe offered publicly is in a sense a report on the experiment. Similarly, a curriculum should be drop anchored in practice. It is an attempt to describe the work observed in classrooms so that it is well communicated to teachers and learners. So, within limits, if a recipe can be changed and varied according to taste so can a curriculum (Stenhouse 1975 4-5).This definition focuses more on the process of breeding and training, the angle from which this discourse unfolds. One advantage of taking a curriculum package as a proposal is that teachers are empowered professionally resulting in greater academic growth. Stenhouse (1975) is of the idea that the proposal is not to be conceiveed as an unqualified recommendation but rather as a provisional sp ecification, implying that it should not limit the freedom and creativity of both teachers and students. In Zimbabwe, such an approach can be widely accepted because educators can expect, even invite talks and transaction, and use their practical situational knowledge for implementation and for modifying the original package according to the demands and resources of their specific localities. Using this approach in Zimbabwe where we find different ethnicities with unique customs, beliefs and lifestyles, makes the learning experience meaningful and relevant allowing learners to gain a sense of ownership of their education.This expansive exposure, which also directly involves the local community, is beneficial to the learner in that it equips unitary to be a well-rounded and adaptable member of society. More so, and associated with the above, given the uniqueness of each school and classroom setting in Zimbabwe, the scripted curriculum is not always appropriate for all learners. Som e students sometimes have difficulty accessing areas of the curriculum that can be challenging. Taken as a proposal, it is an advantage for the teacher to be able to modify teaching approach, take note of the leaners differences and make sure that everyone catered for. The curriculums success highly depends on the methods of counselling put in place by the teachers. A curriculum consequently is a way of translating any educational idea into a hypothesis testable in practice. It invites critical testing rather than acceptance (Stenhouse (1975144).Thus in this sense, a curriculum is not a package of materials or a syllabus of ground to be covered but simply a guideline on the practice of teaching. As such, the major disadvantage of the proposal approach is that it rests upon the quality of teachers. There is guide for highly qualified teachers who are able to modify curriculum. There go away be severe consequences on what could happen educationally if the teacher is inadequately trained. Zimbabwe is highly dependent on untrained teachers to fill the void left by professionals opting to work abroad.Gatawa(1990) contends that if the curriculum package is taken as a proposal, there is a high probability that teachers will only teach what they know, ignoring the major objectives of the document all together.This means there is no guarantee that national goals will be achieved because the curriculum will be as well as localized and in turn produces students with limited marketability. Invariably so, Gatawa (1990) is of the view that there will be too many curricula in one education system, making it virtually impossible for learners to transfer from one school to another. Eunitah et al (2013) contend that in developing educational contexts like Zimbabwe, it is premature to do away with centrally prescribed curricula in order to accomplish uniformity in the provision of education. This implies that developing countries like Zimbabwe need a centralised curriculu m system to determine levels of academic growth and educational development. Financially, the proposal approach is not viable because institutions have to continually set back curriculum material or buy material to suit a particular teachers desire (Lawton, 1980).Taking the curriculum package as a proposal does not work in this context so the prescription approach is therefore more suitable. In light of the above, one advantage of taking a curriculum package as a prescription is that the syllabus content is decided upon centrally and is based upon the goals and philosophy of the nation (Gatawa, 1990) . This means there is uniformity in what is being taught so learners can easily adapt if there is need for a transfer. There is also uniformity in that learners taking the same subjects sit for the same scrutinys and one examination board like ZIMSEC, as in the Zimbabwean context, is responsible.Entry requirements for universities and colleges can be centrally determined and parity can be ensured. Lawton (1980) is also of the view that the prescriptive approach to curriculum implementation satisfies the political need for a system of accountability. In Zimbabwe, there are considerably more government educational institutions than private ones so when the prescription is explicitly stuck to, educators can account for the resources invested in the education sphere of influence by the state. More so, a prescriptive approach to the curriculum package makes sure that the Ministry of Education approves all textbooks used. Where teachers are minimally trained, as is the case with fugacious teachers in Zimbabwe, the prescriptive curriculum tells the teacher what to teach, how to teach it and the materials to use in the process.Maravanyika (1982) is of the view that it makes standards and expectations about what should be taught and learnt clear to everyone. A prescribed curriculum therefore makes progress and attainment measurable and comparable on a national scale .Th at way, underperformance is easily dealt with while success can be modeled and shared. To this end, the prescriptive slant is more effective as it limits deviations that may otherwise be of no relevance, come examination time. However, taking a curriculum package as a prescription undermines what Lawton (1980) terms a teachers legitimate desire for professional autonomy..This means the prescriptive slant is too restrictive and assumes that the user is incapable(p) of making a good curriculum.This scuppers teacher development because it does not allow for research. The educator is limited to giving the prescribed instruction that generally stresses content, mainly knowledge, at the expense of the development of attitudes and skills. In Zimbabwe, learners are chiefly taught to pass examinations rather than to master and develop lifelong skills (Ndawi and Maravanyika, 2011). There is a scramble for certificates with little regard for the development and demonstration of productive ski lls.The education system is therefore suffering instead of developing. Above all, the prescriptive approach also overlooks the possible differences in the availability of resources. It assumes that educational institutions have the same facilities learners are similar and operate in the same circumstances (Tanner and Tanner, 1975). This is clearly not the case in Zimbabwe, rural schools are traditionally underfunded and the infrastructure is either temporary or dilapidated. This is the reason why most rural based schools tend to perform poorly compared to urban schools. Curriculum implementation should take socio-geographical learner diversity into consideration, the essence of which involves addressing the needs of different learners at different institutions. In summation, the proposal approach fosters lifelong learning and fissiparous thinking but is exhaustive in terms of skills and resources. The prescriptive method is also beneficial and even more appropriate in Zimbabwes ex amination oriented system.

Byzantine Art

At first, it is very obvious that these two structures the Dome of the Rock, and the Great Stupa in Sanchi, atomic number 18 physically very different form their local surroundings. They are both in the shape of a typical Byzantine martyrium, something that is designed to house providential relics, and that is exactly what they were both orginally designed to do. The Dome of the Rock is covered with Gold, a symbol of wealth and honor, and can be seen for miles.Its round top was something somewhat wrongful at the time, and difficult to build, so this similarly showed the builders their commitment to setting up something worthy or worship. Like the Stupa, it is covered with passionate inscriptions pertaining to how their prophet inspired them. twain structures are covered with the patrons favorite quotes, or passages from their holy books, and detailed with many ornate and intricate artworks that details how the patrons loved and contemplated their belief systems.The rounded struc ture also carries sound better than a square edifice, so speaking inside one of them would be more effective. Unlike the Stupa, that basically immortalizes Buddha the Dome represents all 3 major religions. The Muslims built it, they consider it theirs. They also believe that it is the place where Mohammed ascended into Heaven. It fell into the hands of Israelis after the 6 Day War, and they consider the building site the original Holy of Holies mentioned in the Old Testament, and think it is an abomination that Muslims would try to force Gods hand by rebuilding a Temple before God does.It also fell into Christina hands at some point, and they embedded their avow inscriptions on the wall, trying to claim it as their own as well. Buildings that were originally meant to be places of rest and reflection have eventually become a place that breeds hostility, such as the Dome, and a place that is leftfield in disrepair as in the Stupa. In the end I can only conclude the true religion re sides inside of the person who embraces it. Honour, Hugh & John Flemming. The ocular Arts A History (seventh Edition) Place of Publication XXX , Publisher, Year of Publication.

Effectiveness of Handling Guest Complaints

EFFECTIVENESS OF intervention k zero(prenominal) COMPLAINTS BY FRONT OFFICE DESK STAFF AS OBSERVED BY THE GUEST AT SELECTED HOTELS A Research put forwarded to the Faculty of College of Hospitality and Institutional Management Our Lady of Fatima University In Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements for the Degree Bachelor of Science in Hotel and restaurant Management ROBIN JUDE B. ELAURIA KATRINA CARLA G. GERALDINO AILEEN JOY A. QUIDULIT CHRISTOPER S. ROSALES GENESIS D. C. SUSANA October 2011 ACKNOWLEDGEMENTThe interrogationers would like to extend their earnest gratitude for the people who made it possible for them to finish this question study. This would not be achievable without the help and supervision of the following people who are their motivation in doing this research study. To the cherished nodes of squeamish Hotel most especially to Mr. Renold Zenarosa Branch Manager of puritanical Hotel Mandaluyong and Mr. Lawrence Villanueva Branch Manager of Nice Hotel Cubao Qu ezon City who allowed us to conduct our survey for their pilot and actual study.To Ms. mare Paz T. Castro, our adviser, whos not tired of answering our question and few complains, teach us on how to exert effort in every task that we should do and sharing her knowledge and expertise in doing this research guiding until the final defense. To Mr. Cledante Navalta, our statistician, for their effort and time in plateful them to accomplish the statistical analysis of the research studies. To our parents who always supported us for financial all the way through the process of our research studies.Last but not the least, the omnipresent God, for answering our prayers for with child(p) us the strength to plod on despite ourconstitutionwanting to give up and throw in the towel make us figure that in that respects always a key in every lock, Thank you so much Dear Lord. ABSTRACT Title EFFECTIVENESS OF HANDLING GUEST COMPLAINTS BY FRONT OFFICE DESK STAFF AS OBSERVED BY THE GUEST AT SELECT ED HOTELS Proponents ROBIN JUDE B. ELAURIA, KATRINA CARLA G. GERALDINO, AILEEN JOY A. QUIDULIT, CHRISTOPER S. ROSALES, GENESIS D. SUSANA Adviser MS. female horse PAZ CASTRODegree BACHELOR OF SCIENCE IN HOTEL AND RESTAURANT MANAGEMENT Date Completed OCTOBER 2011 The researchers conducted this study to determine the potency of Handling Guest Complaints by figurehead Office Desk Staff as Observed by the Guest at Selected Hotels. Specifically aims to answer the following questions about the profile of the respondents, how satisfied the respondents regarding their service satisfaction, recommendations that preempt provide solutions to the said problems and there is no authoritative relationship between the satisfaction of the respondents and their demographic profile of the respondents.A descriptive method of research was apply together with the questionnaire as the main instrument in gathering the needed data and information. Fifty (50) Guest at Nice Hotel in Cubao Quezon City was considered for the study. In analyzing and interpreting the data gathered, the statistical treatments used were, the percentage which was used to compare the frequencies of responses to the total number of responses, and the weighted mean which was used in measuring the Effectiveness of Handling Guest Complaints by Front Office Desk Staff as Observed by the Guest at Selected Hotels.The chi-square test is used to determine whether there is no significant relationship between the expected frequencies and the observed frequencies in one or more categories. With all the gathered information, the researchers arrived at the following closing (1) most of the guests are 30-39 years old, male, guests (2) most of them are satisfied regarding the effectiveness of discussion guest complaints by wait office desk staff at Nice Hotel in Cubao Quezon City. (3) It was recommended that the motion office desk staff of the hotel should initiate talk with the guest to get feedback about their servi ce to improve their service. 4) In hurt of age and sexual urge there is no significant relationship between the effectiveness in handling guests complaints by the reckon office desk staff in selected hotels and their demographic profile. In terms of educational attainment and status of employment there is a significant relationship between the effectiveness in handling guests complaints by the front office desk staff in selected hotels and their demographic profile TABLE OF CONTENTS Page TITLE PAGE.. i APPROVAL SHEET.. .. ii ACKNOWLEDGEMENT.. iii ABSTRACTiv TABLE OF CONTENTS v LIST OF TABLES. .. .. ix LIST OF FIGURES. .. x CHAPTER 1. THE enigma AND ITS BACKGROUND. 1 INTRODUCTION1 Background of the Study.. 1 Statement of the problem. 2 Hypothesis.. 3 Significance of the study. 3 Scope and Delimitation of the study.. Definition of terms.. 6 2. REVIEW OF RELATED LITERATURE AND RESEARCH STUDIES7 Related Foreign Literature.. 7 Related Local Literature 8 Related Foreign Studies.. 10 R elated Local Studies.. 12 Conceptual Framework.. 14 Research range.. 16 3. RESEARCH METHOLOGY.. 17 Research Design.. 17 Research Setting.. 17 Research Subject.. 18 Research Instrumentation 18Validation of Instrument18 Data Gathering Procedure18 Statistical Treatment. 19 4. PRESENTATION, ANALYSIS AND INTERPRETATION OF THE DATA21 demographic Profile of the Respondent21 Common guests complaints handled by the front office desk staff in selected hotels in manila25 abbreviation & Chi-square test on the significant relationship between effectiveness in handling guests complaints by the front office desk staff in selected hotels in Manila and the demographic profile of the respondents. 28 5.SUMMARY OF FINDINGS CONCLUSION, RECOMMENDATION.. 31 Summary of findings.. 31 Conclusions. 33 Recommendations.. 34 REFERENCES35 APPENDICES. 36 A. act of Research Setting37 B. Title Approval38 C. Letter of predication for Conduct of a Pilot Study 39 D. Letter of Request for Conduct of Actual Study.. 40 E. Research Instrument.. 41 F. Hypothesis Testing. 49 G. Curriculum Vitae. 50 List of Tables Table no.I Demographic Profile of the Respondents 1. 1 dispersal of Respondents in foothold of time21 1. 2 Distribution of Respondents in Terms of Gender22 1. 3 Distribution of Respondents in Terms 23 of Educational Attainment 1. 4 Distribution of Respondents in Terms 23 of Status of Employment Table no. II Common guests complaints handled by the24 front office desk staff in selected hotels in Manila Table no. III Summary & Chi-square test on the significant 26 relationship between effectiveness in handling guests complaints by the front office desk staff in selected hotels in Manila and the demographic profile of the respondentsList of Figures I. Conceptual Framework14 II. Figure 1 Research Paradigm16 Curriculum vitae GERALDINO, KATRINA CARLA G. Domingo de ramos street largo, Quezon city Contact no 09461113536 Email addressemailprotected com - educational BACKGROUND 2009-Present Bach elor of Science in Hotel and Restaurant Management Our lady of Fatima University brow Subdivision, Lagro, Quezon City 2005-2008 SecondaryRoxas National High school day Roxas, San Isidro, Surigao del Norte 1999-2004 simple(a) Sto Nino chief(a) School Sto Nino, San Isidro, Surigao del Norte - PERSONAL BACKGROUND Gender feminine Age 19 years old Birth date June 09, 1992 cover 54 cultivated Status Single ___________________________________ GERALDINO, KATRINA CARLA G. ELAURIA, ROBIN JUDE B.Blk2 Lt27 Marvi Hills, Gulod Malaya San Mateo, Rizal Mobile number 09213336967 Email address emailprotected com EDUCATIONAL BACKGROUND 2009-PresentBachelor of Science in Hotel and Restaurant Management Our lady of Fatima University Hilltop Subdivision, Lagro, Quezon City 2004-2008Secondary St. Mathhew College Miguel Cristi St. San Mateo, Rizal 1997-2003 main(a) Gulod Malaya Elementary School Barangay Gulod Malaya, San Mateo Rizal PERSONAL BACKGROUND Gender Male Age19 years old Birth date November 12, 1991 tallness56 Civil StatusSingle __________________ Robin Jude Elauria AILEEN JOY A.QUIDULIT 6 Geronimo St. Brgy Sta Monica Novaliches Q. C Contact no 4828615/09155459133/09239238439 E-mail add emailprotected com ____________________________________________________________ __________ EDUCATIONAL BACKGROUND 2007 Present Bachelor of Science in Hotel and Restaurant Management Our Lady of Fatima University Lagro, Novaliches Quezon City Secondary 2003 2007Holy Redeemer School of Kalookan Franville V. Subd. , Caloocan City Elementary 1996 2003Rosa L. Susano Elementary School Brgy. Gulod Novaliches, Quezon City PERSONAL BACKGROUND Gender FemaleAge20 yr/old Birth dateNovember 10, 1990 Weight95 lbs Height52 Civil StatusSingle _______________________ AILEEN JOY A. QUIDULIT ROSALES, CHRISTOPER S. Blk 47 Lot 18 Area B lower 4 Sapang Palay City of San Jose Del four-card monte Bulacan Mobile number09106184955 Email addressemailprotected com/emailprotected com EDUCATIONAL BACK GROUND 2009-PresentBachelor of Science in Hotel and Restaurant Management Our lady of Fatima University Hilltop Subdivision, Lagro, Quezon City 2004-2007Associate in Hotel and Restaurant Management Academia De San Lorenzo Tialo Sto. Cristo, City of San jose Del Monte Bulacan 000-2004Secondary Sapang Palay National High School Area E Sapang Palay City of San Jose Del Monte Bulacan 1994-2000 Elementary Barangay Bagong Buhay III Elementary School Barangay Bagong Buhay III Area B SapangPalay City of SJDBMB PERSONAL BACKGROUND Gender Male Age23 years old Birth dateNovember 05, 1987 Height57 Civil StatusSingle ____________________ Rosales, Christoper S. SUSANA GENESIS C. 83 E Maginoo St. Kalayaan Quezon,City Cell Number 09151908382 emailprotected com EDUCATIONAL BACKGROUND 2009-Present Bachelor of Science in Hotel and Restaurant Mngt. Our Lady of Fatima University 1 Esperanza St. Hilltop Mansion Heigths Lagro Quezon, City 2000-2004 Amadeo National High School Amadeo, Cavite 1994-2000 Amad eo Elementary School Amadeo, Cavite PERSONAL BACKGROUND Gender Female Age 23 Heigth 54 Civil Status Single _____________________ GENESIS C. SUSANA computer science Table 1 Table 1 oftenness and region Distribution of Respondents in Terms of Age n=50 Age F P=f/n* atomic number 6 % Rank 9 on a lower floor 3 (3/50*100) 6 5 20-29 13 (13/50*100) 26 2 30-39 17 (17/50*100) 34 1 40-49 12 (12/50*100) 24 3 50 above 5 (5/50*100) 10 4 Total 50 100 Computation Table 1. 1 Frequency and helping Distribution of Respondents in Terms of Gender n=50 Gender F P=f/n*100 % Rank Male 27 (27/50*100) 54 1 Female 23 (23/50*100) 46 2 total 50 100 Computation Table 1. 2 Frequency and Percentage Distribution of Respondents in Terms of Educational Qualification n=50 Educational Qualification f P=f/n*100 % Rank Elementary Grad. 11 (11/50*100) 22 3 High School Grad. 14 (14/50*100) 28 2 College Grad. 17 (17/50*100) 34 1 Post Grad. 8 (8/50*100) 16 4 Total 50 100 Computation Table 1. 3 Frequency and Perc entage Distribution of Respondents in Terms of Status of Employment n=50 Status of Employment f P=f/n*100 % Rank role player 19 (19/50*100) 38 2 Employee 21 (21/50*100) 42 1 freelance 10 (10/50*100) 20 4 Total 50 100 Table 2 Common guests complaints handled by the front office desk staff in selected hotels in Manila Situation WM definition Rank 1. Missing of personal belonging 3. 40 near(a) 10 2. Faulty equipments and facilities 3. 2 real better 7 3. Lack of courtesy of the front office staff in dealing with the guest 3. 64 Very profound 3 4. Slow and ineffective reservation procedures 3. 82 Very Good 1 5. Neigbors intolerable noises 3. 76 Very Good 2 6. Unsatisfactory of concierge 3. 58 Very Good 5 7. Not well attended by front office staff 3. 42 Good 9 8. Wrong room assignment or type of room given to the guest 3. 56 Very Good 6 9. forgetful service of the staff 3. 48 Good 8 10. Delayed service of the front office desk staff 3. 62 Very Good 4 Grand Mean 3. 62 Very Good Computation in terms of Age E=RT*CT/50ObservedAge paltry Average Good Very Good Excellent RT 19 below 0 0 0 3 0 3 20-29 0 0 5 7 0 12 30-39 0 0 9 7 1 17 40-49 0 0 7 6 0 13 50 above 0 0 2 3 0 5 CT 0 0 23 26 1 50 Expected Age Poor Average Good Very Good Excellent 19 below 0 0 1. 38 1. 56 0. 06 20-29 0 0 5. 52 6. 24 0. 24 30-39 0 0 7. 82 8. 84 0. 34 40-49 0 0 5. 98 6. 76 0. 26 50 above 0 0 2. 30 2. 60 0. 10 X? =(O-E)2/E Age Poor Average Good Very Good Excellent 19 below 0 0 1. 38 1. 90 0. 06 20-29 0 0 0. 05 0. 09 0. 24 30-39 0 0 0. 18 0. 38 0. 6 40-49 0 0 0. 17 0. 09 0. 26 50 above 0 0 0. 04 0. 06 0. 10 ?X? = 5. 56 Computation in terms of Gender E=RT*CT/50Observed Gender Poor Average Good Very Good Excellent RT Male 0 0 13 14 0 27 Female 0 0 22 27 1 23 CT 0 0 35 41 1 50 Expected Gender Poor Average Good Very Good Excellent Male 0 0 11. 88 14. 58 0. 54 Female 0 0 10. 12 12. 42 0. 46 X? =(O-E)2/E Gender Poor Average Good Very Good Excellent Male 0 0 0. 11 0. 02 0. 54 Female 0 0 0. 12 0. 03 0. 63 ?X? = 1. 45 Computation in terms of Educational Qualification E=RT*CT/50ObservedEducational Qualification Poor Average Good Very Good Excellent RT Elementary Grad. 0 0 4 7 0 11 High School Grad. 0 6 11 1 0 14 College Grad. 0 0 7 9 1 17 Post Grad. 0 0 4 4 0 8 CT 6 22 21 1 50 Expected Educational Attainment Poor Average Good Very Good excellent Elementary Graduate 0 1. 32 4. 84 4. 62 0. 22 High School graduate 0 1. 68 6. 16 5. 88 0. 28 College Graduate 0 2. 04 7. 48 7. 14 0. 34 Post Graduate 0 0. 96 3. 52 3. 36 0. 16 X? =(O-E)2/E Educational Qualification Poor Average Good Very Good Excellent Elementary Grad. 0 1. 2 0. 15 1. 23 0. 22 High School Grad. 0 11. 11 0. 11 4. 05 0. 28 College Grad. 0 2. 04 0. 03 0. 48 1. 28 Post Grad. 0 0. 96 0. 07 0. 12 0. 16 ?X? = 23. 61 Computation in terms of Status of Employment E=RT*CT/50 Observed Status of Employment Poor Average Good Very Good Excellent RT thespian 0 0 7 12 0 19 Employee 0 0 6 4 0 10 Self-employed 0 0 9 11 1 21 CT 0 0 22 27 1 50 Expected Status of Employment Poor Average Good Very Good Excellent Worker 0 0 8. 36 10. 26 0. 38 Employee 0 0 4. 40 5. 40 0. 20 Self-employed 0 0 9. 24 11. 34 0. 42 X? (O-E)2/E Status of Employment Poor Average Good Very Good Excellent Worker 0 0 0. 22 0. 30 0. 38 Employee 0 0 0. 58 0. 36 0. 20 Self-employed 0 0 9. 24 0. 01 0. 80 ?X? = 12. 09 Table 3 Summary & Chi-square test on the significant relationship between effectiveness in handling guests complaints by the front office desk staff in selected hotels in Manila and the demographic profile of the respondents Demographic Profile ComputedX? TabulatedX? df ? proportion Decision Conclusion Age 5. 56 15. 51 8 0. 05 Less than Accept Ho There is no significant relationship Gender 1. 45 5. 9 2 0. 05 Less than Accept Ho There is no significant relationship Educational attainment 23. 61 16. 92 9 0. 05 greater than Reject Ho There is a significant relationship Status of Employment 12. 09 9. 49 4 0. 05 Greater tha n Reject Ho There is a significant relationship Hypothesis Testing Ho There is no significant relationship between the effectiveness of handling guest complaints by the front office desk staff at selected hotels in Manila. Ha There is a significant relationship between the effectiveness of handling guest complaints by the front office desk staff at selected hotels in Manila.

All About Writing Topics Essay

An analyse is a short piece of writing on a topic and presents the authors detail of view on the matter. It is a pure non-fiction presentation of the writers outlook on the topic that is the focus of the establish.1 An essay should be structured in different sections that make it easy for the readers to read and follow the authors thoughts clearly. It is composed of the introductory split up, supporting paragraphs and the summary paragraph. The introductory paragraph is the first paragraph of an essay. It brings the main idea of the essay. It captures the interest of the reader and notifies why the topic is important. Anformer(a) important part of an essay is the main body or the supporting paragraphs. In these paragraphs, the main idea is discussed.The points be cited one by one to develop the main idea of the essay. Aside from the introductory and supporting paragraphs is the summary paragraph which comes at the end of the essay. In this paragraph, all the ideas in the support ing paragraph are explained through a conclusion. By reading this part alone, the reader should be equal to understand the whole idea of the essay.2 Since an essay can describe, clarify, argue or analyze, it has different events.3The four major types of essays are narrative, descriptive, expository and persuasive essays. In a narrative essay, the writer tells a story about a real-life experience. When writing this type of essay, writers should try to involve the reader by making the story as vivid as possible.A well-crafted essay builds towards a conclusion or making a personal statement. The second major type on the other hand which is the descriptive essay, paints a picture with words. A writer might describe a person, place, object, or even memory of special significance. The descriptive essay strives to communicate a deeper meaning through the description. This uses colorful words and sensory details. The third type is the expository essay. This essay is an informative piece o f writing that presents a balanced analysis of a topic. Moreover, in this type of essay, the writer explains or defines a topic, using facts, statistics, and examples.Lastly is the persuasive essay. While like an expository essay in its presentation of facts, the goal of the persuasive essay is to convince the reader to accept the writers point of view or recommendation. In this type of essay, the writer should present all sides of the argument, but must be able to communicate clearly and without equivocation why a certain position is correct.4 scorn having many types of essays with various compositions, they have one thing in common. All essays are collection of interesting ideas which are thoroughly organized to assure that readers are able to fully understand the main ideas of the essays.1 What is an essay, . 2 Parts of an Essay, . 3 Grace Fleming, What is an Essay, .4 Types of Essays End the Confusion,.

What is Judaism according to Heschel?

According to Rabbi Heschel Judaism was that whenever somebody mentioned the name Judaism, it was like taking roughly either somebody citing a poem, deity the father or individual who choked a spectral livelihood. Since many population believed that without idol e realthing is impossible, Heschel tried to come out clearly that passel need to be strong in reliance despite all the difficulties they be going through. He to a fault stressed out that everyone should be able to live peacefully with each other by forgiving one a nonher whenever in that respect is a problem between them. (Merkel, 1985, p. 2) (Heschel, 1985).The word of God was for everyone no matter what they do, where they come from or whatever run-in they speak. One way of making raft studys the word of God was to write and come out clearly about religious teachings. They were also being taught how to live in harmony and how to confess to one another whenever thither is a problem among them. (Merkel, 1985, p. 3) (Heschel, 1985). According to Heschel, Torahs ways of giving out ideas or explanations about Judaism was like a reflection of what has been happening in our daily lives as it was written in the bible.God the Father also appears as a very b regenerate light to show state that they should believe and have faith in Him all the time. (Merkel, 1985, p. 4) (Heschel, 1985). Heschel join one of the spiritual congregations where he became more spiritual and strong in faith. This attracted very many people as it was a good example of a Jesus follower. It also make many people to listen, understand and believe in the word of God. (Merkel, 1985, p. 5) (Heschel, 1985). Rabbi was so much into Christianity that he could not have time to come together with other people in his congregation.This do the people of his congregation to say that he was over doing the work of Christianity. He also tried to aim people have peace, love, and unity and go as farther celebrating mass as a sign of commitm ent to God. . (Merkel, 1985, p. 6) (Heschel, 1985). Everyone was to understand the word of God in the right way and apply in their daily life. This was made to encourage the weak people who were not strong in faith to be able to participate in duties that strengthen their faith. The difficulties that the people of Israel experience on Mount Sinai were a big challenge for them in their life.This is because from there is when man had really believed that God do exist. (Merkel, 1985, p. 7) (Heschel, 1985). He brought the image of God as he appears to Moses on Mount Sinai. This is when Moses people had no faith in God and started worshipping other gods. God became angry and appeared to Moses and gave him the ecstasy Commandments that could consort and make his people believe and trust in God. The Ten Commandments were written so that everyone should believe that all the writings were truly from Jesus alone not Moses. (Merkel, 1985, p. 8) (Heschel, 1985).Moses is also portrayed as goo d leader because he is seen leading his people from Israel to Misery as per instructions given by God. This is when God appeared to him as impatient bush when he was looking after the cattle. By then they had no commandments to follow but they still believed in God as their creator and tooth root of inspiration in their life. (Merkel, 1985, p. 9) (Heschel, 1985). As it is seen in the bible that by the time God gave Moses the Ten Commandments, his people had already lost their faith and started worshipping other gods.This made it very difficult for Moses to make all of them believe in the Ten Commandments given the God. It implies that not all Moses people accepted the Ten Commandments. That, s wherefore there are always new laws every generation. (Merkel, 1985, p. 10) (Heschel, 1985). Though there were some people who disagreed with Moses as he gave them the Ten Commandments, majority believed on the Ten Commandments that made many generations that comes after them to accept and follow the Ten Commandments as it was meant to strengthen peoples faith in their daily life. (Merkel, 1985, p. 1) (Heschel, 1985). People should be in a position to understand and believe in Jesus signs as it was written in the bible. They need to accept that even though they stooget see some of these things happening now, they had already happened before and their fore fathers believed in them. So its a big challenge to them to accept the man of the past. (Merkel, 1985, p. 12) (Heschel, 1985). As it is written in the bible that when Jesus went to Cana and wine got finished during the wedding, He asked for water and turned it into wine for the people who were in the wedding.And also when there was a lot of enlace when he was with James and John in a boat, He stopped the wind. These two signs show that God is always there for his people and He allow for always present in them wherever they go. (Merkel, 1985, p. 13) (Heschel, 1985). It is good to believe in what you understand bes t than to believe in what you adoptt know. This only comes out when you really accept, believe and have faith in the scriptures of the bible. You should be able to relate the scriptures of the bible into your daily life and purify to practice them in your life because this is only way to strengthened your faith. Merkel, 1985, p. 14) (Heschel, 1985). Moses was one of the most prominent leaders that God used to show people the right way of life that will remain a remembrance in life to everyone. These are written in the bible so that everyone can understand whatever happened in the past during the reign of their fore fathers. (Merkel, 1985, p. 15) (Heschel, 1985). It is also important to preach or translate the scriptures of the bible according what was written rather than lecture the things which do not exist to people.This is because whatever is being taught now will remain as a history for the coming generations. They should understand that the scriptures of the bible are holy w ords from God the father but just a normal human being. (Merkel, 1985, p. 16) (Heschel, 1985). God communicated to his people through the scriptures by sending prophets to fare various signs. This can be seen as he ordered Abraham to sacrifice his only son, appearing to Moses as burning bush, saving his disciple from drowning during the strong wind and raising Larus from death after four geezerhood.All these events remain as a history to every generation that comes and it will always be there to guide them in their life. (Merkel, 1985, p. 17) (Heschel, 1985). The covenant between God and Moses on Mount Sinai was a sign of an agreement between the people of Israel and God. It made easier for the people of Israel to communicate to God and adored Him as their only savior. So for the people of Israel to communicate to God they had to understand the scripture, translate it and relate to their daily life. Merkel, 1985, p. 18) (Heschel, 1985). The covenant made on Mount Sinai lead to var ious activities to be performed by man. This is where man had to obey the holy Sunday, do not kill, do not steal, obey their parents so that you can live longer, believe in God all the time and always standing firm to tell truth. Even the people of Israel went as far as fasting in order to strengthen their faith which remained as history to all the coming generations. (Merkel, 1985, p. 19) (Heschel, 1985).When Moses received the Ten Commandments on Mount Sinai, it does not mean it was the end of everything that God had to give his people. It implies that the door was still open for more teachings in the future. This encourages people to believe and trust in God as their only comforter during the trial moments in their lives. (Merkel, 1985, p. 20) (Heschel, 1985). The bible was not written as book to be read but as scripture to guide people in their lives. It was supposed to be read, understand the meaning of the scriptures and translate and then preach the right words of God to the people.This would inspire many people to read the scriptures of the bible and know the reason why Jesus sacrificed to suffer on their behalf. (Merkel, 1985, p. 21) (Heschel, 1985). As seen that it is very easier for the people to live as Gods people when they both understand the bible very well. Therefore it is good to make people believe in Jesus as their only centering in life. When you follow the right path that is Gods foot steps, you will find life interesting and encouraging no matter what difficulties you whitethorn be going through.It also makes man become a strong Christian which remains as an example to his forth coming generations. (Merkel, 1985, p. 22) (Heschel, 1985). Jesus loves the human beings so much that he bled and died for the human kind. So it is the work of the man to be able to follow Gods commandments in order to take on Gods promises. It does mean that God made it so difficult for the man not to enjoy life but to have good life both in the world and in he aven. That is why Jesus forbids man not to do some of the things in life.It is not a punishment but a lesson to prepare them for both life in the world and the kingdom of God. (Merkel, 1985, p. 23) (Heschel, 1985). Everyone should be able to carry his own cross when it comes to serving God because you will be judged according your own deeds but not on the behalf of someone else. Man must be able to know the scriptures of the bible so that it can able to apply it any time in his or her life. This will also help people to have time worship God because everyone is a position to read and interpret whatever information which is in the bible. Merkel, 1985, p. 24) (Heschel, 1985). Conclusion Judaism is all about the past events that happened during the reign of the prophets like Moses, Elijah and Abraham. These are the days when God used to communicate to man through prophets. The prophets could see God in visions, signs and symbols then go and communicate to the people according what they have seen in their visions or symbols they had received. They had to explain all the details of what God told them. So that is how man communicated to god in older days.

Darwins Contribution to Science

Darwins Contribution to Science Eric Nash Bio-Literature Dr. Slovak 04/15/2013 When one ponders the flowing sagacity of maturation and ingrained selection and where it came from, many names may come to mind. However, the man who gave us the theme of natural selection in the first place was none other than Charles Darwin. maculation Darwin was not the just one conducting research of this kind, his name stands out as a driving force behind our current understanding of evolution.Charles Darwin was born on February 12, 1809 to Robert and Susanna Darwin. Darwins father Robert was a physician, much as his paternal grandpa Erasmus Darwin. Charles Darwin studied medicine at the University of Edinburgh, but quickly found that his future lay on a different path. Darwin eventually attended Cambridge University, between 1828 1831, where he graduated with the intention of becoming a clergyman. In those days, a clergyman was a general lover of all things natural and could be called by som e, the pilot light biologists.Very soon afterwards, indeed the same year as his graduation, Darwin was invited to go along with Captain Robert Fitzroy on a voyage aboard The Beagle. His main role was to be the resident naturalist. During the voyage, Darwin was expected to gather samples and make observations in order to send back to England for classification. Little did Darwin know that the voyage would last five years. opus Darwin is know mostly for his cast on the Galapagos Islands, he only spent five weeks of his five year jaunt on the islands. Most of his work was on mainland South America.Through his collection of fossils, skins, skeletons, and various other samples, Darwin was able to exact most isolation and change within a species. Darwin spent years after his voyage on The Beagle, cataloguing specimens, consulting with colleagues, and getting everything in order to make sure that he had the best support for his theories. It wasnt until he read an economic report by Mal in that respectof that describes population growth and decline are based on various factors such as famine or disease (James, 1979), that Darwin began to get together the pieces of what he had wise(p) from his voyage and study.Malthus work helped Darwin to understand that under specific conditions, favorable variations would tend to be preserved fleck unfavorable characteristics would be destroyed. Darwin began to work on a report outlining his theory of evolution through natural selection, but never published them. In 1856, Charles Lyell convinced Darwin to start working on a hand detailing his work. Darwin didnt put a great deal of effort into a book until after 1858, when Alred Russel Wallace sent a letter to Darwin, explaining in almost identical fashion to Darwins work, evolution by natural selection.After two presentations at the Linnean Society, in which two of Darwins papers and one from Wallace was used, Darwin began his work on, On the Origin of the Species. This was a smaller version of the larger book he was intending on report and was published in 1859 where it immediately became a scientific sensation. Many scientists argued against Darwins work claiming that evolution was a product of major sudden changes which caused large mutations. These scientists were known as saltationists.The major argument was the fact that the reality was not old enough for gradualism, or evolution through small steps, to have occurred. It wasnt until Mendels work on genetics in 1856 that Darwins theories really began to take hold. It took all the way until the 1930s before gradualism was widely accepted. Ultimately, Darwin was not fully vindicated until the last half of the 20th century in which DNA and genes were better understood. Although much of Darwins later years were spent in illness, he go on to work.After On the Origin of the Species was written, he continued to work on human descent from earlier animals including the evolution of societies and men tal abilities. He also did some work to explain the decorative beauty of wild manner and plant tone such as his work in 1861 into wild orchids. He showed that an adaptation in their flower petals to puff specific moths in order to ensure cross pollination. He then wrote Fertilisation of Orchids in 1862 where he detailed the power of natural selection to clarify compound ecological interactions and made testable predictions.Darwin went on with, The crepuscule of Man, and Selection in Relation to Sex, where he Darwin proposed evidence from many sources citing that humans are animals. He explained that inner selection can describe unreasonable characteristics such as differences between the sexes of various racial differences bit emphasizing that all humans are the same species. Darwin was also pleased by this time that his theories did not meet the criticism that they once did commenting that everybody is talking about it without being shocked (Darwin, 1887).After Darwins demise, many geographic features and landmarks were named after him. Captain Robert Fitzroy named Darwin Sound in commemoration of Darwins quick thinking in rescue The Beagle from being sunk when a large glacier created a wave that would have decimated their boats. In the Andes, there is draw close Darwin, so named during the celebration of Darwins 25th birthday. More than 120 species and nine genera have been named after Darwin. A group of tanagers found in the Galapagos Islands became known as Darwins finches, which ironically, has promoted a great deal of inaccuracies about Darwins work.There is even a Darwin Day in England. Darwins contribution to science is not insignificant. While not knowing where his theories would lead, he inadvertently became the father of evolution through natural selection. His ideas revolutionized the way scientists thought, thus leading to what we know today. Although, the presence of people such as Alred Russel Wallace goes to show that the truth was out t here already, it simply needed the tenacity of a man like Darwin to do the work and publish those scraming.Charles Darwin put in the time and effort to voyage on The Beagle in order to make everything we know today, possible. While I believe that a truth is a truth and all it needs is someone to find it, without those people, where would we be? Darwin himself once said, Ignorance more frequently begets confidence than does knowledge it is those who know little, and not those who know much, who so positively assert that this or that problem will never be solved by science. References Darwin, Charles (1887). In Darwin, Francis. The life and letters of Charles Darwin, including an autobiographical chapter.London John Murray. ISBN 0-404-08417-6 Darwin, Charles (1859). On the Origin of Species by Means of Natural Selection, or the Preservation of Favoured Races in the Struggle for Life (1st ed. ). London John Murray. ISBN 1-4353-9386-4. Darwin, Charles (1862), On the various contrivanc es by which British and foreign orchids are fertilised by insects, and on the good effects of intercrossing, London John Murray James, Patricia 1979. Population Malthus his life and times. London Routledge and Kegan Paul. Powerpoint Presentation. Charles Darwin 1809-1882 by Dr. Slovak.

How democratic is the UK Essay

It can be argued that Britain is both(prenominal) democratic and undemocratic this can be shown via a range of issues relating to British politics and the society in which we live. The generally accepted definition of a commonwealth is a form of politics in which the major decisions of government and the direction of policy thatt joint these decisions rests directly or confirmingly on the freely given take of the freely given admit of the freely majority of the adults government.There argon two forms of democracy but the UK is run through an indirect or representative democracy as opposed to a direct democracy, which relies on referendums and would be tall(prenominal) in a large, modern society. Furthermore, the UK is a parliamentary democracy, the government and representatives are intermingled meaning that the UK does not provoke separation of powers, meaning that the executive, legislative and judicial courts all work together unlike the American presidential system whi ch could create a lack in communication. In this essay, I propose to argue both for and against and eventually come to a conclusion whether the UK is democratic or not and give a likeness between the UK and the US in terms of democracy.There is no such thing as a perfect democracy but certain aspects are needed to make a democracy. A democracy necessitate a political system for choosing and replacing the government through frequent, free and fair elections in which people choose their leaders and to hold their leaders accountable for their policies and their conduct in office. Elections fuck off to guide at regular intervals, as prescribed by law.Those in power cannot extend their terms in office without asking for the consent of the people again in an election. For elections to be free and fair, they have to be administered by a neutral, fair, and professional body that treats all political parties and candidates equally. All parties and candidates must have the indemnify to campaign freely, to present their proposals to the voters both directly and through the mass media. A democracy also needs the active participation of the people, as citizens, in politics and civic life. To vote wisely, separately citizen should listen to the views of the varied parties and candidates, and then make his or her own decision on whom to support. Furthermore there should be protective covering of human rights of all citizens and a rule of law, in which the laws and procedures apply equally to all citizens. Does the UK fulfill these tetrad key elements? Yes, the UK does. Therefore we can say the UK governmental system.Democracy by definition operator the government by the people. That means that all the people should be able to have their say in sensation way or another in ein truththing that affects their lives. As said previously, the UK is run through a representative democracy but there are problems with a representative democracy. Representative democracy would be o.k. if the representatives would really make all their decisions only after consulting their constituencies. In the least, after having a clear thinking about the views of their constituents on a particular issue, and trying to accommodate these views as best as possible. However, a vast majority of countries that call themselves Representative Democracies are not true democracies according to the above definition. more or less of them are actually and Elected Dictatorships. People can vote usually only in one case e genuinely four or five years. They do not vote on any issues. They just elect their so called representatives who then until the attached elections have no obligations by law and little incentives to innovation their decisions on individual issues on the wishes on their electorate. They hardly ever bother to consult them on their stands on various issues. Therefore, legislative bodies composed of such representatives can effectively act in a very dictatorial m anner between the elections. So to meet the definition of democracy, a direct democracy must be in place, like in Switzerland.The UK is divided up into constituencies. Within these constituencies, are MPs for each political party. The first past the post system means that the MP with most votes (first past the post) result win power for their party in that constituency. In the UK voting system, we do not vote who is our next Prime Minister. Our vote goes towards the MPs for our constituency. In this sense, the idea of UK as a representative democracy is blemish as we as people are not voting for one single figure but for an MP. The reason for voting for that party may be influenced by the leader of that party but you are not voting specifically for that person.An element of Britains governmental system is that there is no write constitution. This means that, theoretically, the government is free to pass any legislation as long as they have the majority in parliament which could b e easily achieved if the party has a large majority of seats. This means there is no safeguard for laws that can be altered or new ones that could be created. This is very undemocratic as the government therefore has too frequently power.The government is also in bullheadedness of other powers such as the royal prerogative that allows the prime minister to go to war without consent from parliament. An example of where this was used was the Iraq war in 2005, which was heavily resented by a large majority of the public. nevertheless though this aspect of Britains governmental system is undemocratic, parliament generally prevents government from taking to much power.

Running head: SPORT VIOLENCE Essay

military unit is defined as the enforce of excessive strong-arm force, which causes or has obvious potential to cause harm or destruction.(Mchill) dramatic play military group an carry or reasonable part of the risque? Where is the line drawn among frauds, buffs, and media? With hysteria world so professionalminent in plays remedy away the love of the game is being every displace shadowed by the indispensability to win. Coaches, pargonnts and players ar being instructed to win at either hail, these tactics be then being glorified by the media and countersink uped by the fans as good entertainment. The top three holdings involving divert madness is media portrayal, fan identity, and jejuneness dramatic play hysteria.Media portrayal of frolics mortalnel is sh accept and read on every type of media come inlet. Are the unending replays visualisen on ESPN of a player getting rocked in a game really infallible? Or how ab break the top ten worst suck a shits? What type of kernel is this sending to young athletes? Media emergelets be glamorizing athletes that argon usually the aggressive and ferocious whizs on a daily basis.Yes, athletes are being penalized for these fierce actions s elevator carce being replayed on ESPN 15 times a day really sending a messold age that personnel is a part of the magnetic declination and promoting hysteria to solve fusss? On the anformer(a)(prenominal) brass of the argument, characterisation to sports military group by the media has stimulated trials to look into and pr essence fashion by multiple fines and penalties. Also a postgraduate school athlete being scouted for a college sport jakes utilize the media to showcase the player and give an advantage to be recruited to the team. security guard delirium is present in every level of sport. From younkerfulness sport to professional sport, stunners lose control of their emotions and commit acts of furiousness against p layers, coaches, officials, and oppo situate fans. There are several(prenominal) factors that lead smashers to commit acts of fury strong team identification, strong team loyalty, alcohol, and situational vari adequates such(prenominal) as a team loss or fans of opposing teams sitting in close proximity and instigating each former(a). composition the hotness that attestants work out forth for their team is a positive characteristic and it drives the advantage of the sport industry, the negative cost is that the passion bottom turn into criminal and deviant behavior which follows a manner from the have a go at itment of the game and puts others at risk endangering their amend to enjoy watching a contest by having their safety jeopardized. However, all is non lost. There are policies and procedures that shadower be put in place to help curb peach force-out, scarcely it fuck offs a commitment from the top leaders of each soulist sport organization to take a stand ag ainst such destructive behavior.Youth sport violence is a growing extend to for all concern. A large part of child ascendment comes from the involvement in spring chicken sport. The occupation is what they are being taught from overzealous coaches and parents who push for the win at all cost. The offspring are discipline to use supernumerary rowdiness and poor sportsmanship with little repercussions. The parents and coaches are the largest get it on because they providing poor examples for the children. The noniceable issue becomes whether it is estimable to acknowledged supernumerary rules to youth leagues. The solution upriseed is for stricter rules or much than serious repercussions for coaches, parents, and players. These rules are in hopes that they exit bring youth sports back to a positive atmosphere it was once created for, without parents and coaches influencing youth poorly.IntroductionSport Violence in the 21st Century has become a major good issue. Fr om the youth level to professional sports, fans, players, coaches, and media are guilty of contributing to this problem. Sport Violence is changing the way in which games are played, observed, and coached. Issues surrounding Sport Violence are non limited to the playing line of products but are spread doneout guild. The major areas in which sport violence impact edict are within the actual sport participants such as players and coaches the media, and the knockouts. One of the major issues is that sport violence is imp playacting the youth of America. The youth struggle to distinguish what they fancy on tv and what they are allowed to do themselves.They see violence and think that that kind of behavior is appropriate so they behave similarly during their games and may coaches do anything to stop it. In fact, some(prenominal) coaches advertise violence and poor behavior with a Win At All Cost mentality. Some masses hold sport media accountable for the growing issue of sport violence because the media tends to glamorize and glorify violence in sports. When there is a crimson hit or a date in a game, the media will continually show the nonessential from several angles. fleck the announcers might be discouraging the poor behavior, the production continues to show it again and again instead of slick to commentary or a commercial. A nonher example of how media spreads sport violence is the Top 10 lists of biggest hits, hardest tap outs, or closely bruising pitches.The problem is that violence sells and the producers hump it which leads to a nonher issue in sport violence the spectators. lulus love watching the blood-red hits and the hardest knockouts over and over. Just as a bad car wreck makes everyone stop and look, violence in sports catches tidy sums attention and shake ups an arouse response. Therefore, the spectators response to the media is cyclical and they both drive each other. Additional concerns of spectators and sport violence is the emotional ties that singles feel to their team. This type of team identification tolerate model an individual to commit their own acts of violence if their team loses or if they feel threatened by a fan of a nonher team. Spectator violence lives in youth sports, high school sports, collegiate sports, and professional sports. Its negative act is overreaching and permeating. Analysis and DiscussionAre parents and coaches encouraging kids to use excessive force in sports in order to win games? Where is the line mingled with a good play and unnecessary roughness? Violence in sports is a topic of many sport en consequentlyiasts and is an correct large concern when it involves youth sports. The issue is discovering what is causing sport violence in the youth. There are a many outlets that help influence excessive force, media coverage of professional sports, parents and coaches with a win at all cost mentally. Is violence in youth sport a result of sport being to competitive?Yo uth sports were started to help develop childrens identity, physiological skills, social skills, teamwork, and brain function. All the positive effects are trustworthy for youth sports if the focus is on developing children and not as much on the score of the game. While there is a place for competitive nature in youth sports it should not cause unnecessary roughness by the athletes.Arthur-Banning cited scholars saying youth sport can be used to promote smelllong physical activity and enjoyment of sport, but only if programs are specifically degestural with this intent.(Smith & Smoll, 1997 Weiss & Petlichkoff, 1989)(p.4). A large problem lies in adults who cannot put aside their desire to win and therefore get out-of-control. This accommodates call optioning at the umpires, fight with other parents, yelling at players, etc. When children observe this behavior they believe it is unimpeachable to do the same. This behavior then fosters more poor behavior for example, blaming ot hers for their actions and not taking responsibility.The competitiveness permeating youth sports today often leads to exploding tempers, vile verbal assaults and sometimes clenched fisticuffs, placing the child in the middle of the melee. Finding the balance between the positive and negative lessons that aggression teaches is the key, according to Tofler.(Focus on Family, p. 4). It is parents and coaches job to groom well tempered athletes during their youth. In a study by Kerr explains four types of violence in sports which are important to be able to identify the difference between the in orders to determine the use of the violence. There is play violence which is just playful but is a concern when it escalates to anger violence which is serious anger that is unpleasant. The third is baron violence with a serious purpose and tends to take the form of cold, calculated violence this is an excepted form of violence in sports manage boxing and karate but not football game. In sport s like football it would be unnecessary roughness.The fourth type to be aware of is thrill violence is usually provocative and spontaneous, providing pleasant high levels of felt arousal and felt negativism (Kerr, 2009, p.45). If coaches and parents are aware of the type of violence the athlete is displaying they can take correct measures to pr publication it from come abouting again. By having the adults support positive sportsmanship and punish or admonish poor sportsmanship it will teach the young athletes how to respond to different situations. The adults should focus on how to help their children control emotions during a game which will help the kids develop skills that can be used removed of sports, like conflict resolution. Ian Tofler, M.D. says, for the about part, sports reflect society today. He asserts that the American way of career embraces assertiveness, aggression, but excessively resiliency.Learning such attributes from sports is essential in teaching moral an d ethical development.(Focus on the Family, p. 4) Sport can be a positive part of childrens youth if done correctly. Youth sport administrators should retard there are guides to support positive experiences for children in sports. To fix violence in youth sports extra rules may need to be in place for coaches and parents. Would it be ethical to put rules in place to give parents or coaches technical fouls based on their negative out bursts? Would it be ethical to go past athletes from a league for excessive use of roughness? Is it ethical to continue to allow youth violence in sport to occur with little repercussions?The issue in question is whether it is ethical to make spare rules for youth sports to help pr government issue youth sport violence. These rules would be directed to parents, coaches, and athletes holding them more amenable for their actions. Cavanagh decision- do model will be used to decide the most ethical option.Using the Utilitarian speculation is the first step of the model. The great good for the great number (Cavanagh, p. 141). Facts that support more rules are helps kids develop problem solving skills, develop sportsmanship, children staying safe, children will understand set from wrong, parents and coaches will be punished for acting out, and the youth games will be focus on learning instead of just winning.The facts that go against more rules are games are less competitive, could embarrass parents, coaches and parent do not give feedback positive or negative, and athlete fool around in the game. Overall the greatest good for the greatest number of people would be to instill supererogatory rules. With extra rules it will teach children important life skills they can take with them in the future. For the parents and coaches they will begin to understand the game is for the kids to have fun and learn. Sports violence will go down because if things escalate out of control the parents, coaches, or athlete could be thrown out of t he game or league. They all will understand that poor actions lead to repercussions and youth sports will be what it was designed for, grooming and fun.The second step to the theory is Rights, They enable individuals to pursue their own interests and they impose correlative prohibitions and/or requirements on others.(Cavanagh, p. 142).The rights that are for additional rules for youth sports are life and safety, truthfulness, freedom of conscience, right of autonomy and concealment? The players, coaches, and parents have the right not to have their life or safety endangered at a youth sport event because of violence. Truthfulness supports the rules because other players and coaches have the right to know the intentions behind a play.If the player was told to win the game at all cost the opposing team has the right to know the intention of foul play. Freedom of conscience supports the rules because if parents, coaches, or players choice not to gravel to the rules they will be aske d to leave because they are violating the moral rules put in place. The right of autonomy side favors the rules because if the parents, coaches, or players do not like the added rules they can choice not to participate in the league. On the other hand the right of free speech, privacy, and autonomy go against the additional rules.Parents and coach have the right to point out conscientiously as long as it does not violate others, giving them the right to yell at players, coaches and officials at a game. Parents and coaches have the right of privacy to conduct their parenting or coaching bolt however they see fit. In conclusion the right that weighs the heaviest on this issue is the right to life and safety. The additional rules will keep parents, coaches, officials, and most important children safe during games. The most important thing in youth sports is education and fun, which mean unnecessary roughness or the winning at any means necessary does not have a place in youth sports. The third ethical criteria for determining if additional rules should be put in place for youth sports, in order to limit youth sport violence is justice. Justice requires all persons, and thus managers too, to be channelise by charmingness, equity, and impartiality.(Cavanagh, p.144). The parts of justice that support the additional rules are fair administration, fair compensation, and fair discourse.The administration will uphold the rules consistently, fairly and impartially.(Cavanagh, p.143). beauteous compensation supports the new rules because it holds individuals snarled in the act of violence responsible for the injuries they have caused on the other individuals. Each parent, coach, and player deserve to be treated the same unless they decide to act in an out of control fashion. The cons against the new rule are fair blame and overdue process. Parents or coaches should not be held responsible for matters over which they have no control(Cavanagh, p.143).Parents or coache s might not necessary be responsible for the actions of their children during the game. Parents or coaches can make the argument that their rights are being violated by adding additional rules to youth leagues. Again the justice criterion leads to the addition of rules to youth leagues based on fair treatment. If an individual chooses to act out they are setting themselves apart from others and therefore, should be treated in such a way by given them repercussion for their negative actions.A fair solution to this ethical issue of violence in youth sports is to add additional rules to youth leagues. The leagues can start by having all players, parents, and coaches sign an agreement to conduct themselves in a fair and proper manor. In addition they will be made aware of penalties or repercussions if they do coach their kids to use unnecessary roughness or if they have out of control burst which will be determined by the officials.The penalty they receive will be based on remarks or ac tions taking by the individual. The officials will have the right to give out these penalties based on new league rules. The rules will make examples out of offenders to encourage others not to violate the rules. Lastly, before coaches are allow to coach a team they must reckon a seminar or clinic that explains what is demeaned unnecessary roughness, out bursts, and other unfavorable actions. All parents will be invited to clinics and seminars but are not requiring attending unless one of the rules is violated. If one of the rules are violated it is mandatory for the people involved to attend with their child to the clinics or seminar. Violence in the media has been is a topic of great concern for many of divisions to parents, educators and even medial professions.There doesnt seem to be many positive aspects to violent television shows or sporting events. There will constantly be the debate over wherefore some people react with violence after watching violent media being played over and over on sports stations and some do not, but the fact remains that there are only a few good reasons to see so much violence in such detail. Mass media can be said to have a large contribution to the acceptability of sports and violence. The media plays a vital role in sports and how its portrayed. Through the media exposure, many people to sports-related violence are tuned into the television, magazines, newspapers, and radio, thus providing numerous examples to children and young adults who may imitate such behavior.Violence through the media can glamorizes players, often the most controversial and aggressive ones. On the other hand, the exposure given to sports violence by the media has stimulated change magnitude efforts to control and prevent such behavior by multiple fines being set in place and many penalties. One of the most recent events that involved violence in sports and media exposure is the Detroit Pistons vs. Indiana Pacers brawl. A little recap of the inci dent was Pacers forward Ron Artest stretched himself out on the scorers table, where he was hit by a cup of beer thrown by a Detroit fan. Artest, followed by a number of other Pacers, charged into the crowd, throwing punches.The fight lasted about 10 minutes. Officials eventually called the game, and the Pacers were showered with beer, popcorn and debris as they left the administration a chair was thrown during the brawl and a number of people were treated for minor injuries. not only was this fight showed on ESPN for weeks, it was shown on national news stations across the verdant and canvass every aspect of it. The YouTube video of the fight received millions of hits and today is still showed as one of sports most violent brawls.In 1961-1973 a study was done by Ontario Royal missionary post on Violence. On average 15 hours of very aggressive and aggressive sports were televised per week, and in 1973 the average embossed to 21 hours per week. The most obvious and over played a rgument would be the negative result of violence in the media and how it promotes violence to solve problems.By watching detailed violence, it sends a message that violence is acceptable way to play sports or be competitive. Some examples of how the media relays violence in sports could be by the constant replays of massive hits, slow motion showing every impact including the players mad face, and even zooming in on the player that was injured. Shouldnt media outlets be portraying sports as skilled and professionalism? kind of televisions are full of top ten painful plays or top ten hits or outperform fights of 2012. What message is this sending to athletes of every age? Smith (1978) did a study on how much violent material do young athletes consume through media.The results were about 65% of youth athletes attend pro hockey games 2-3 times a year, 53% said they read about pro hockey on a daily basis and 80% watch it weekly. Consumption went up with age. Hockey can be thought to be one of the most violent sports next too football with the legal fist fights. Smith (1983) asked Have you ever learned how to hit another player lawlessly from watching pro sports? and 56% of the 604 participants said yes. With a little over half of the people watching sports learned how to illegally hit another player during a game is intense. This could possibly mean the outlet of television or media is the reason why violence in sports in on a rise. It was reported by Sports subscriber line daybook that in 1987-1988 the NBA had more fist fights than Professional Boxer Mike Tyson.Finding many pro sides for violence in sports through the media was a little more challenging. Receiving a college scholarship is to the highest degree infeasible these days. Without the help of the media portraying them as the best of the best it would be a lot harder for schools across the country to recognize or even notice potential athletes. A defensive player in football gets his position b y being aggressive and fashioning important tackles, even if its a violent play. Recording these plays or writing about them gives an advantage to the athlete trying to get into college.Also, media coverage can greatly enhance the chances of violent offenders being caught. There have been several examples of players, who were not reported by officials during a match, being cited by sporting bodies, clubs or tribunals after the event. Media footage has also helped track down culprits of violent acts off the field. Known by many, some sports are violent by nature. Boxing is the obvious example, where physical attack is the point of the exercise. There has been much debate over the sport and the media coverage for such violence this form of violence is within the rules of the sport and the possibility of injury is well known by participants and by viewers so by showing coverage of these types of sports are accepted and are not nevertheless portraying violence as acceptable outside o f the sport.The question related to media and violence is whether showing violence in sports through the media outlets ethical? Cavanaugh decision-making model will be used to decide the most ethical options. Utilitarian theory is The greatest good for the greatest number (Cavanagh, p. 141). Actions are evaluated by judging their consequences and unhurriedness the good effects and bad effects and the attempt is to achieve an optimal balance of benefits versus harms on those abnormal by the action. Facts that support media coverage of violence is that viewers like to watch action in sports, violence is a part of the game, intensifies the game and may help high school athletes get noticed for college.The facts that go against media coverage of violence are too graphic, no need to show people getting hurt, violence and competition are two different things violence only degrades the sport or player. Overall the greatest good for the greatest number of people would be to allow the medi a to cover violence in sports. at present days people watch sports through the television or watch highlights through media such as ESPN. Some people only want to see the important plays of the game. Lets face it, the more intense sports are the more people will watch them, even if its a cheating(a) hit, or brawl in a basketball game.Rights theory is the next step. The rights for media coverage of sports violence are truthfulness and right of free speech. Truthfulness supports this theory because the media have the right to be truthful in what they show and not alter the media or certain outbreaks. Censorship is allowed but if a major fight breaks out is it ethical or wrong to show it? Do the people have a right to see what happened? Under the right of free speech commentators and sports broadcasting channels have the right to criticize others as long as it doesnt violate the rights of others. If it happened in the game why wouldnt the media be allowed to play it and talk about i t?The last theory is justice. The theory of justice requires decision makers to be guided by equity, fairness, and impartiality (Cavanagh et al., 1981). It relies on three types of moral prescriptions (1) that individuals who are similar in a relevant respect should be treated similarly and individuals who are different in a relevant respect should be treated differently in proportion to the difference between them (2) that rules should be administrated fairly and clear and (3) that individuals should not be held responsible for matters over which they have no control, and should be compensated for the cost of their injuries by those responsible for these injuries (Cavanaugh et al., 1981). Decision making and reasoning based on the theory of justice focus on the distributional effect of actions (Cavanagh et al., 1981). Under these criterias I believe it is ethical to show violence in sports throughout media.Though violence throught the miedia will never go away some of the alternat ives I came up with were to limit the number of times a aggressive play is shown on TV and have a warning for younger kids that what is about to be shown is graphic so parents can decide whether its appropriate to show the violent acts.Over the past several decades, sport violence has become an ever-increasing topic in trade union America. The topic of violence usually revolves around athletes, teams, and the organizations themselves. For instance, Ron Artest, also ridiculously known as Meta World pacification thanks to his name change, is more widely known for his violence than he is for his basketball skills most latterly for his violent swing of the elbow to the head of James Hardin during the last week of the 2012 NBA regular season.The New siege of Orleans Saints publicity has shifted over the past year from the America-loved Hurricane Katrina World Champions to the America-despised Bounty Hunter team who offered inside bonuses to those defenders that had the biggest and mos t damaging hits to the opposing team. And finally, just about since its inception, the entire Oakland Raider football organization has been labeled as poor sports, violent, and unethical due to the organizations predisposition for everything that goes against ethical behavior. Traditionally, much of the attention has focused on the ones in the big spotlight, and only a small amount of attention has focused on the ones in the background, the ones who turbulently follow and support the athletes, teams, and organizations the spectators.No doubt, spectators make the sport world go round. With the Sport Business Journals estimate of $194.64 billion spent in the year 2001, if it wasnt for the spectators, the sport industry would not be as successful (Chelladurai, 2009, p. 10). The shear economic impact of sport within our society is super important in driving the American economy, and with the thrilling permeation of sport within American society, spectators have the ability to make or break the sport. Americans love their teams.The passion and extravagance that the success of teams creates within the spectator is unparalleled to anything else. The biggest sport stadiums in our country, The Big House at the University of Michigan for example, bring out over 100,000 spectators for each event. nothing else in our society encourages this kind of commitment and participation over an extended period of time. The biggest concerts can bring close to that many people, but the concert only lasts for one day in one location and then the show moves onto a different city or state.Certain protests, parades, or political events can draw crowds over 100,000 but once again, the actual event is usually only one or two days and the difference between these events and sports/concerts is that these events do not cost anything to attend. For spectators to commit their support over entire seasons, year in and year out, requires an on issue investing in mental, emotional, financial, a nd cognitive resources.This kind of relationship between spectator and team is remarkable. Few events in our society can compete with the extreme emotional highs that sports can invoke within ones soul. However, with the emotional highs come emotional lows. For the majority of time, sports have a very positive impact on society, but at other times sport has the ability to influence spectators to commit unlawful and undesirable acts of violence and aggression. It is during these times when sport has a negative role in our society. To begin the discussion about spectators it is important to have a fundamental definition. Nicholson and Hoye (2005) define spectators as supporters and parentsbench players, coaches, team, club or league officials, venue staff and widely distributed public within the view of the field of play (p. 95).All of these individuals play an important role when it comes to making sport a positive experience or a negative experience. The role that media, players, a nd coaches play in sport violence has already been discussed. The remains of this discussion will be focused on the individuals outside those two areas specifically the spectators known as the fans. There is the obvious physical violence that spectators can invoke on each other, the officials, the players, and the coaches. For the purpose of this discussion, poor behavior not resulting in physical violence is way out to be included with the overarching topic of violence. Nicholson and Hoye (2005) define poor behavior as Foul language, abuse of officials, racial and ethnic abuse, sexual harassment, throwing missiles, drunkenness, pitch invasion, and acts of violence (p. 98).These undesirable acts can be directed towards fellow spectators, players, coaches, and unfortunately officials. In fact, Nicholson and Hoye (2005, p. 100) found that the perception of performance of game officials was one of the key catalysts for poor behavior. Apparently, when things arent going the way of the ir desired team, spectators look to release their frustrations on something or someone and contest officials are the easiest target. Further, spectator violence is not limited to the times between the first and last whistles.Spectator violence takes place before games, during games, and after games and the violence can take place just about anywhere. It can take place at sports bars and pubs that arent located anywhere near the venue, or it can happen on the streets that surround the venue either before the game or after the game. Spectator violence can break out in the parking lots of the venue during pre-game tailgate parties or post-game events and it can also happen at the venue entrance/exit points, in the mausoleum, in the stands or even spread to the playing surface. With such a propensity for spectators to commit acts of violence and criminal behavior, venue and event managers are concerned with how to stop it or at the very least control and play down it. However, arrest the cause should come before finding the solution.First off, lets not confuse passion with violence. One of the greatest draws of sport competition in our society is the camaraderie created between players, teams, organizations, and fans. The passion and excitement created by this bond is what keeps people coming back day in day out, week in week out, and season after season. This bond is known as team identification and studies have shown its one of the strongest predictors of spectator violence. Its easy to point out the obvious individuals that are high in team identification. For example, Barrel Man is a historic figure in the history of the Denver Broncos and the slub High Stadium. Certain high schools have spirit squads that are front and center at every game and they have specific names like Kadet Krazies for the Air Academy High School Kadets and the strident Rams for the Rampart High School Rams both in Colorado Springs, CO.However, team identification is not always as vi sibly obvious as the aforementioned examples. Many fans feel a strong virtuoso of internal and emotional relationship with their team. Either way, team identification is a strong variable in determining spectator violence. Wann, Carlson, and Schrader (1999) classified spectator aggression into two categories hostile or instrumental. Hostile spectator violence involves violent actions that are motivated by anger with the goal of harming another person. Instrumental spectator violence refers to actions intended to harm another person with the goal of achieving a result other than the dupes suffering (p. 279). This kind of violence is highest amongst individuals high in team identification and that experience a situation that is unfavorable to their personal desires such as a team loss. These two elements can blend to make an explosive situation at sporting contests.Consider additional variables such as alcohol, age of spectators, level of game importance (playoff game), and nature o f the sport (football as opposed to volleyball) and the potential for spectator violence only increases. No matter why or how spectator violence happens, the ones involved are almost always perceived as hooligans, hoodlums, or deviants and whenever violence does break out it always puts a discern on the image of the particular sport or team. As mentioned in the beginning of this section, individuals or organizations involved in violence are seen as unethical and looked upon negatively in our society.Spectators are just as vulnerable to the negative perceptions and are also seen as unethical individuals that detract from the spirit of the game. In effort to determine the level that spectator violence is unethical, this issue should be processed through the Cavanagh Model of ethical Decision Making. Three criteria are considered when making this determination Utility, Rights, and Justice.The fundamental principle of utility is that whatever makes the greatest good for the greatest n umber of people is the ethical decision, act, or policy. If spectator violence were to occur at every sporting event across the globe than one could say that it negatively impacts the majority of people and it is therefore unethical. However, when comparing the join number of sport games that take place in the world to the total number of times that spectator violence occurs, the number of incidents of spectator violence is relatively small. Therefore, based on the utility criterion, spectator violence is considered to be ethical.The view of rights is the next criterion to consider in making the determination of spectator violence being ethical or unethical. Spectators have a right to enjoy a sporting contest without their life or safety being threatened. On the same topic, Nicholson and Hoye (2005) explained the notion of spectator violence breaking individual rights as this Poor spectator behavior can entrench on the ability of people involved in sport to enjoy a safe physical, social, and ethnic sport environment (p. 95). In making a determination of spectator violence being ethical or unethical based on the rights criterion, one must conclude that spectator violence is unethical due to the fact that it violates individuals rights to enjoy a sporting contest without their lives and safety being threatened.The final criterion to consider in determining spectator violence being ethical or unethical is justice. Justice requires all persons, and thus managers too, to be guided by fairness, equity, and impartiality. Justice calls for evenhanded treatment of groups and individuals (1) in the distribution of the benefits and burdens of society, (2) in the administration of laws and regulations, and (3) in the imposition of sanctions and means of compensation for wrongs a person has suffered (Cavanagh, 1984. p. 144). There are several justices to consider in this case fair administration of rules, fair compensation, and due process. In regards to fair administr ation of rules, everyone spectator is held to the same high standard of appropriate behavior. No spectator gets a special rule allowing them to act inappropriately.Therefore, fair administration of rules cannot be counted as injustice when tone at spectator violence. Now, in the event that spectator violence occurs, there are often devoid bystanders affected by the violence. Sometimes they are just emotionally scarred or threatened and other times they are physically harmed. In the case of physical harm incurred by innocent bystanders, these individuals impart that they receive fair compensation for their injuries and that the violent aggressors be held accountable for their actions. However, in the case that the perpetrator is not held responsible for their act of violence and the victim does not receive fair compensation for their injuries, justice is not being served. It can be assumed that the majority of time that a violent mob breaks out and an innocent bystander gets injur ed, that the individual responsible for that injury will not be detained or held responsible.Only in the time there was physical evidence convicting the violent spectator will the victim receive fair compensation. More often than not, injured bystanders are taken to the emergency room for treatment of their injuries and the perpetrator is not held responsible. This situation blends into the idea of due process, where an individual has a right to a fair and impartial audition when he or she believes that personal rights are being violated. As explained previously, spectator violence impinges on individuals rights to enjoy a sporting event in a safe environment without their life or safety being threatened. In the case that this right is violated and someones life or safety has been threatened to the point of injury or harm but they are not able to bring suit on an individual or organization due to the nature of the event that occurred, then there is a strict violation of due process .To answer the question of spectator violence being unethical or unethical based on the criterion of justice, the conclusion is that spectator violence is unethical. Spectator Violence is determined to be unethical yet unstoppable, but what policies or procedures can organizations put in place that help control or minimize the violent behavior? Nicholson and Hoye (2005) discuss strategies used to manage poor behavior and their identified strategies fall under 3 categories Preventative, which are strategies designed to inculcate spectators and develop a better culture adjacent, which are strategies to deal with poor spectator behavior as they occur and Post-Incident, which are strategies designed to punish or prosecute poor behavior after an incident (102).Preventative strategies include providing safe and secure entrance/exit points for players, coaches, officials, and spectators providing and displaying code of conduct packets for spectators additional education for officials on how to best handle volatile situations strategically place bars or wet areas to minimize alcohol induced violence limit alcohol consumption development and implementation of national rules and expectations and declare oneself a more than sufficient number of event staff and security.Immediate strategies include removing the spectator/s from the event, cancelling the event, and the use of a Yellow/Red card system where a yellow card is a warning and a red card is a removal from the event. Post-incident measures include removing players that have a disposal to invoke violence amongst spectators, suspending players, and banning the entrance of spectators who are consistently detrimental to the game experience. There is not a one size fits all solution to curbing spectator violence.For instance, the Denver Broncos are not able to keep an individual from returning to future games. They may be able to prevent that individual from purchasing a ticket but thats easy to circumvent if that spectator has a protagonist buy tickets for them. The individuals working the ticket gate are not equipped to check every persons id so they cannot prevent the perpetrator from entering the venue unless they have specific knowledge that the perpetrator is trying to enter at a specific gate. Instead, venue and organization management should put as many of these strategies in place in order to minimize spectator violence and provide a positive safe environment for all to enjoy.ConclusionThe major points in this analysis report are the ethical dilemmas with violence in youth sports, violence through the media and spectator violence. Ways to help book and prevent violence in youth sports are making sure the there are signed agreement for players, coaches, parents, administering additional penalties or repercussions for unnecessary roughness or out of control and finally discharge clinics and seminars on the preventative measures on violence in the specific sport being played.Violence through the media can be monitored by limiting the number of replays of a violent hit or fights and sightedness out warnings to young children warning them about the viscous hits, attacks, fights etc. Finally preventative measures for spectators will include providing safe and secure entrance/exit points for officials, players, and coaches, having the Code of Conduct packet for players and spectators, educating the officials and event staff for handling violent behavior, strategically placed wet areas, signage reminding spectators what they represent, development and implementation of national rules and limiting alcohol and of spectators.Immediate measures for audience violence would include removal the violent spectator from the event, removal of players from the contest, cancelling the event before it gets out of hand, having a red and yellow card system and having police presence. 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